A New World Order

A new World Order

Introduction

It lacks the clear definition; however, generally, we attribute a new world order idea to:

1988, Gorbacheu’s speech in a general assembly UN:- “The post cold war era would be characterized by new world order—- A strong UN and de-ideologization of relations among states to achieve greater cooperation—also emphasize that force should not be considered legitimate int. affairs.
1989, Malta conference— both Bush Senior and Gorbacheu committed themselves to shift from containment and antagonism between superpowers to cooperation.
1990, September Bush Senior speech to US congress—proclaimed his vision for the post-cold war world

How was president bush’s idea of a new world order different from Woodrow Wilson’s?

“The assertion of as shown by the gulf war that the int community should protect the sovereign independence of all the regimes irrespective of their complexion.

While Woodrow Wilson gave priority to liberal democratic states, which he called democratic peace.

Principles/ Assumptions

Essentially it gave liberal hope and expectations
Common recognition of int norms and standards of morality
Peaceful resolution and settlement of disputes
To resist expansionism and aggression
to control and reduce the military arsenal
Ensuring just treatment of domestic population by respecting human rights
To sum up Fukuyama’s words ” World would now gravitate towards a single model of economic and political governance based on liberal democratic and market economy— END OF HISTORY

4-Alternative View

It weakened the internal cohesion of societies as ethno nationalist forces got visible
It unleashed centrifugal pressure
Terrorism—ideological, religious, civilization
Preemption
Regime Change

5-Will the US remain the global hegemon

Yes

Because of its global military dominance
Economic resilience
Us population
The structural power of US— Economic influence of IFI’s—NATO 2007-09 leading role in an economic crunch

Redundant military power— Syrian conflict not concluded as it wished, Vietnam, Afghanistan– desired changes not achieved
Relative economic decline (2000 US share of Global GNP 30% vs. now 19%)
Damage to soft power—globalization image and repute—int credibility eroded, unilateralism of Iraq–arrogant and self-righteousness —human rights ( Afghanistan, Kosovo)
Declining diplomatic influence–China being used to pacify and North Korea, Afghanistan declining diplomatic influence

6-Analysis/ Evaluation

It cleared the first test successfully— 1991 gulf war ( Kuwait and Iraq)
Organization for security and cooperation in Europe (OSCE) became a strong hope tp deal with Kosovo issue—late 90’s
Kosovo crisis, Iraq War, the Syrian conflict, Middle East, Afghan War— issues which eroded hope pinned on the new world order
9/11 defining moment brought the great power back together
Iraq war 2001—great power unilateralism—fear of US hegemony
Questions which new world order had to face, clash of civilizations, fundamentalism
Middle East (Curse of oil, political Islam, Palestine-Israel conflict)
Anti-globalization and protectionist policy sentiments—Brexit and Trumpism
Globalization 2.0—OBOR new globalization

7-Conclusion